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The pointing-out instruction (''ngo sprod'') is the direct introduction to the nature of mind in the Tibetan Buddhist lineages of Mahāmudrā and Dzogchen. In these traditions, a "root guru" gives the "pointing-out instruction" in such a way that the disciple successfully recognizes the "nature of mind." The tradition of conferring such instructions outside of the context of formal empowerment ((サンスクリット:abhiṣeka)) is unique to the Kagyu and Nyingma lineages. Whether or not such instructions are valid without the formal empowerment has historically been a point of contention with the more conservative Gelug and Sakya lineages. The pointing-out instruction is often equated with the fourth formal vajrayana empowerment. ==Terminology== In the Mahāmudrā tradition, pointing-out instruction ( ''ngotrö kyi dampa'') is also referred to as "pointing out the nature of mind" ( ''sem kyi ngotrö''), "pointing out transmission", or "introduction to the nature of mind".〔Hayward (2008) p.106〕 In the Dzogchen tradition, the pointing out instructions are often called the “introduction to awareness” (''rig pa'i ngo sprod'', pronounced "rigpay notro")〔The Tibetan Tradition of the Great Perfection by Jean-Luc Achard (CNRS, Paris) pg 4 ()〕 or "sems khrid," pronounced "sem tri".〔Germano, David F. (1994). "Architecture and Absence in the Secret Tantric History of rDzogs Chen". In The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, vol. 17.2, p 228 ()〕 Senior Shambhala Buddhist teacher Jeremy Hayward describes this as In the Mahāmudrā tradition, the mind pointed out is called "ordinary mind" ( ''tamel gyi shépa'', Sanskrit: *''prākṛita-jñana'').〔''Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism'' by Chögyam Trungpa. Shambhala Publications: 2008 ISBN 978-1-59030-639-0 Page 68〕 As the Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche explains, In the Dzogchen tradition, the mind pointed out is called ''rigpa'' (, Sanskrit: *''vidya'').〔(Description of the word's meaning by Sogyal Rinpoche )〕 Sometimes the pointing-out instruction is referred to as "the empowerment of vajra wisdom,"〔''Wild Awakening: The Heart of Mahamudra and Dzogchen'' by Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche Shambhala: 2003. ISBN 1-59030-096-3 pg34〕 "vajrayana transmission" or "esoteric transmission," although these terms can also be applied to formal abhiṣeka as well. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pointing-out instruction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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